Predição de suicídio entre adolescentes a partir da última década pré-pandêmica em Mato Grosso / Prediction of suicides among teenagers from the last pre- pademic decade in Mato Grosso / Predicción del suicidios en adolescentes de la última década pre-pedémica en Mato Grosso

Objetivo: analisar a predição de suicídios entre adolescentes a partir da última década pré-pandêmica em Mato Grosso. Método: trata-se de estudo ecológico e retrospectivo. A coleta de dados ocorreu em janeiro de 2021, referente ao recorte temporal de 2009 a 2019. Utilizou-se dados secundários do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade via Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Mato Grosso. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se o programa STATA 14.0. Resultados: a predição de suicídios entre os adolescentes de Mato Grosso revelou predominância do sexo masculino, cor não branca e com oito anos ou mais de escolaridade. Os suicídios em Mato Grosso apresentam estabilidade em relação ao sexo. Quanto a cor, o Centro-Oeste possui maior disparidade quando comparado ao Mato Grosso. Todavia, ambos exibem comportamentos epidemiológicos semelhantes na escolaridade. Conclusão: a partir da última década pré- pandêmica, previu o crescimento de casos de suicídios entre adolescentes em Mato Grosso, e que não se assemelha à totalidade do perfil esperado para a região Centro-Oeste.

Objective: to analyze the prediction of suicides among adolescents from the last pre-pandemic decade in Mato Grosso. Method: this is an ecological and retrospective study. Data collection took place in January 2021, referring to the time frame from 2009 to 2019. Secondary data from the Mortality Information System via the Mato Grosso State Health Department were used. For data analysis, the STATA 14.0 program was used. Results: the prediction of suicides among adolescents in Mato Grosso revealed a predominance of males, non-white and with eight or more years of schooling. Suicides in Mato Grosso show stability in relation to gender. As for color, the Midwest has greater disparity when compared to Mato Grosso. However, both exhibit similar epidemiological behavior in schooling. Conclusion: from the last pre-pandemic decade, it predicted the growth of suicide cases among adolescents in Mato Grosso, which does not resemble the entire profile expected for the Midwest region.

Objetivo: analizar la predicción de suicidios entre adolescentes de la última década pre-pandemia en Mato Grosso. Método: se trata de un estudio ecológico y retrospectivo. La recolección de datos ocurrió en enero de 2021, con referencia al período de 2009 a 2019. Se utilizaron datos secundarios del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad a través de la Secretaría de Estado de Salud de Mato Grosso. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa STATA 14.0. Resultados: la predicción de suicidios entre los adolescentes de Mato Grosso reveló un predominio del sexo masculino, no blancos y con ocho o más años de escolaridad. Suicidios en Mato Grosso muestran estabilidad en relación al género. En cuanto al color, el Centro-Oeste tiene mayor disparidad en comparación con Mato Grosso. Sin embargo, ambos exhiben un comportamiento epidemiológico similar en la escolaridad. Conclusión: a partir de la última década previa a la pandemia, se predijo el crecimiento de los casos de suicidio entre los adolescentes de Mato Grosso, lo que no se asemeja a todo el perfil esperado para la región del Centro- Oeste.

Aprendizados gerados a partir da pandemia da COVID-19 entre enfermeiro / Aprendizaje generado a partir de la pandemia COVID-19 en enfermeras / Learning generated from the COVID-19 pandemy among nurses

Introduction: Brazilian nursing seems to have reached important levels of learning during the pandemic, not only because of the need to control the circulation of the new coronavirus and care for the sick. Objective: To know the learning generated from the COVID-19 pandemic among nurses. Methods: exploratory and qualitative study, carried out in August and September 2021, with tertiary health care nurses who were on the front line during the pandemic, in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Individual interviews were carried out, based on guiding questions. For data analysis, the collective subject discourse was used. Results: As learnings generated, the participants pointed out professional aspects (theoretical/practical), as well as personal aspects (reflection of the value of the human being, family and professional fulfillment). Conclusion: The learning provided by the pandemic, while contributing to the perception that in the face of insecurity and uncertainty it is possible to learn and develop, highlights the strength of nurses, who were initially weakened during the pandemic, but which potentiated the sensitivity to new discoveries, confrontations and strengthening of their individual and collective resources.(AU)

Introducción: La enfermería brasileña parece haber alcanzado importantes niveles de aprendizaje durante la pandemia, no solo por la necesidad de controlar la circulación del nuevo coronavirus y cuidar a los enfermos. Objetivo: Conocer los aprendizajes generados a partir de la pandemia de COVID-19 entre las enfermeras. Métodos: estudio exploratorio y cualitativo, realizado en agosto y septiembre de 2021, con enfermeros de tercer nivel de salud que estuvieron en primera línea durante la pandemia, en el Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales, a partir de preguntas orientadoras. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el discurso del sujeto colectivo. Resultados: Como aprendizajes generados, los participantes señalaron aspectos profesionales (teórico/práctico), así como aspectos personales (reflejo del valor del ser humano, familia y realización profesional). Conclusión: Los aprendizajes proporcionados por la pandemia, si bien contribuye a la percepción de que ante la inseguridad y la incertidumbre es posible aprender y desarrollarse, enfatiza la condición de fortaleza del enfermero, que inicialmente durante la pandemia se vio debilitado, pero que se potenció la sensibilidad a nuevos descubrimientos, confrontaciones y fortalecimiento de sus recursos individuales y colectivos.(AU)

Introdução: A enfermagem brasileira parece ter alcançado importantes níveis de aprendizados durante a pandemia, não somente por necessidade de controle da circulação do novo coronavirus e do cuidado aos doentes. Objetivo: Conhecer os aprendizados gerados a partir da pandemia da COVID-19 entre enfermeiros. Métodos: estudo exploratório e qualitativo, realizado em agosto e setembro de 2021, com enfermeiros da atenção terciária a saúde que estavam na linha de frente durante a pandemia, no Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Procedeuse entrevistas individuais, baseado em questões norteadoras. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se o discurso do sujeito coletivo. Resultados: Como aprendizados gerados, os participantes apontaram aspectos profissionais (teórico/prático), bem como aspectos pessoais (reflexão do valor do ser humano, família e realização profissional). Conclusão: Os aprendizados oportunizados pela pandemia, ao mesmo tempo em que contribui para a percepção de que diante da insegurança e incerteza é possível aprender e desenvolver, ressalta a condição de fortaleza do enfermeiro, que inicialmente durante a pandemia foram fragilizados, mas que potencializou a sensibilidade para novas descobertas, enfrentamentos e fortalecimento de seusrecursos individuais e coletivos.(AU)

O gestar em prisões por traficantes de drogas / Gestation of women in prisons by drug trafficking / Gestación de mujeres detenidas por tráfico de drogas

Objetivo: Descrever a experiência da gestação no ambiente prisional de mulheres inseridas no tráfico de drogas Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em Cadeia Pública mato-grossense. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram as mulheres em regime de detenção provisória ou condenadas que estivessem com gestação em curso de 12 a 36semanas. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2019, por meio de entrevista, semiestruturada,áudio gravada, com posterior análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Todas as mulheres foram detidas por tráfico de drogas, e utilizavam substâncias psicoativas anteriores ao encarceramento devido a ruptura dos laços familiares e/ou influência de parceiros afetivos. A gestação atual não foi planejada, e foi acompanhada da separação dos outros filhos, além da ansiedade e angústia que ascercam pela expectativa do parto e amamentação no ambiente prisional, seguidos da separação da criança que irá nascer após a lactação. Isso fez verbalizassem o anseio por buscar mudanças e melhoria de vida no futuro. Conclusão: É necessária a incorporação de práticas assistenciais humanizadas no cuidado às mulheres que vivenciam a maternidade em situação de prisão, que poderão auxiliar para a efetivação da ressocialização, além de contribuir para o fortalecimento familiar.

Objective: To describe the experience of pregnancy in the prison environment of women involved in drug trafficking. Method: Descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach, carried out in a public jail in Mato Grosso. The research subjects were women in provisional detention or condemned who were with gestation in course of 12 to 36 weeks. Data collection took place in 2019, through semi-structured recorded audio interviews, with subsequent content analysis. Results: All women were arrested for drug trafficking, and used psychoactive substances prior to incarceration due to the rupture of family ties and/or the influence of affective partners. The current pregnancy was not planned, and was accompanied by the separation of the other children, in addition to the anxiety and anguish that surround them with the expectation of childbirth and breastfeeding in the prison environment, followed by the separation of the child who will be born after lactation. This made them expresses their desire to seek changes and improve their lives in the future. Conclusion: It is necessary to incorporate humanized care practices in the care of women who experience motherhood in a situation of prison, which may help to carryout resocialization, in addition to contributing to family strengthening.

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia del embarazo en el ámbito carcelario de mujeres involucradas en el tráfico de drogas. Método: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en una cárcel pública de Mato Grosso. Los sujetos de investigación fueron mujeres en prisión,provisional o condenadas, que se encontraban en gestación en curso de 12 a 36 semanas. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar en 2019, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas grabadas en audio, con posterior análisis de contenido. Resultados: Todas las mujeres fueron detenidas por tráfico de drogas y consumieron sustancias psicoactivas antes de su encarcelamiento por ruptura de lazos familiares y/o influencia de parejas afectivas. El embarazo actual no fue planeado, y estuvo acompañado de la separación de los otros niños, además de la ansiedad y angustia que los envuelve con la expectativa del parto y la lactancia en el ambiente carcelario,seguido de la separación del niño que nacerá luego de la lactancia. Esto les hizo expresar su deseo de buscar cambios y mejorar sus vidas en el futuro. Conclusión: Es necesario incorporar prácticas de atención humanizada en el cuidado delas mujeres que experimentan la maternidad en situación de prisión, que puedan ayudara llevar a cabo la resocialización, además de contribuir al fortalecimiento familiar.

Opiniões de idosos acerca da vacina anticovid e sua possível recusa

Objetivo: conhecer as opiniões de idosos acerca da vacina anticovid e sua possível recusa. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo exploratório e qualitativo, realizado em um município de pequeno porte, do extremo Norte de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu em março de 2021, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software ATLAS.ti®. Resultados: a maioria dos idosos demonstrou aceitação e desejo em ser imunizada, porém aqueles com baixa escolaridade apresentaram maior rejeição à vacina, os quais foram percebidos pelos demais idosos como irresponsáveis. Os participantes mencionam que todos possuem o direito de escolha. Conclusões: apesar de os idosos terem opinado positivamente sobre a vacina, ações educativas, principalmente junto àqueles com baixa escolaridade, devem ser intensificadas, a fim de que o comportamento de recusa, caso prevaleça mesmo após diálogos e esclarecimentos, não influencie terceiros e coloque em risco a saúde da comunidade.

Objetivo: conocer las opiniones de los ancianos sobre la vacuna anti-covid y su posible rechazo. Metodología: se trata de un estudio exploratorio y cualitativo, realizado en un pequeño municipio, en el extremo Norte de Mato Grosso, Brasil. La recolección de datos ocurrió en marzo de 2021, a través de una entrevista semiestructurada. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el software ATLAS.ti®. Resultados: la mayoría de los ancianos mostró aceptación y deseo de ser inmunizados, pero aquellos con baja escolaridad mostraron mayor rechazo a la vacuna, lo que fue percibido por los demás ancianos como una irresponsabilidad. Los participantes mencionan que toda persona tiene derecho a elegir. Conclusiones: aunque los ancianos tenían una opinión positiva sobre la vacuna, se deben intensificar las acciones educativas, especialmente entre aquellos con baja escolaridad, para que la conducta de rechazo, si prevalece incluso después de diálogos y aclaraciones, no influya a terceros y ponga en peligro la salud de la comunidad.

Objective: To know the opinions of the elderly about the anti-COVID vaccine and possible refusal. Method: This exploratory qualitative study was conducted in a small municipality in the extreme north of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Data collection took place in March 2021 through a semi-structured interview. For data analysis, the ATLAS.ti® software was used. Results: Most seniors showed acceptance and desire to be immunized, but those with a low level of education showed more rejection of the vaccine, which was perceived by the other seniors as irresponsible. Participants mention that everyone has the right to choose. Conclusions: Although the elderly had a favorable opinion about the vaccine, educational actions, especially among those with a lack of education, should be intensified so that the behavior of refusal, if prevailing even after dialogues and clarifications, does not influence third parties and endanger community health.

Prevalence of Ivermectin use to prevent COVID-19 during the pandemic in Mato Grosso: cross-sectional home-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the use of ivermectin as COVID-19 prevention method by the population of Mato Grosso in 2020. METHODS: This is a home-based survey, carried out between September and October 2020, in 10 pole cities of the socioeconomic regions of State. The use of ivermectin was evaluated through the question: "Did you take ivermectin to prevent COVID-19?". Sociodemographic variables (sex, age group, education, family income), current work situation, being benefitted by government financial programs, as well as symptoms, seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and previous diagnosis of COVID-19 were evaluated. Prevalence and their associations were estimated using the chi-square test. RESULTS: 4.206 individuals were evaluated for prevalence of ivermectin use; 58.3% of the individuals responded positively, this rate being higher in the municipalities of the western region of the state (66.6%). There was no significant difference between sexes, but the prevalence was higher among people aged 50-59 years (69.7%), who were white (66.5%), with complete higher education or more (68.8%) and higher family income (≥3 minimum wages-64.2%). The use of this drug was even higher among participants who considered their knowledge of the disease good or very good (65.0%), who reported having symptoms of COVID-19 (75.3%), and who had been previously diagnosed with the disease (91.2%). CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of use of ivermectin as a method to prevent covid-19 by the population of Mato Grosso, indicating the need for strategies to inform the population about the risks of off-label use of drugs and to combat the advertising of drugs that are ineffective against COVID-19.

Prevalence of Ivermectin use to prevent COVID-19 during the pandemic in Mato Grosso: cross-sectional home-based study / Prevalência do uso de ivermectina para prevenir COVID-19 durante a pandemia em Mato Grosso: estudo transversal de base domiciliar

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the use of ivermectin as COVID-19 prevention method by the population of Mato Grosso in 2020. Methods: This is a home-based survey, carried out between September and October 2020, in 10 pole cities of the socioeconomic regions of State. The use of ivermectin was evaluated through the question: "Did you take ivermectin to prevent COVID-19?". Sociodemographic variables (sex, age group, education, family income), current work situation, being benefitted by government financial programs, as well as symptoms, seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and previous diagnosis of COVID-19 were evaluated. Prevalence and their associations were estimated using the chi-square test. Results: 4.206 individuals were evaluated for prevalence of ivermectin use; 58.3% of the individuals responded positively, this rate being higher in the municipalities of the western region of the state (66.6%). There was no significant difference between sexes, but the prevalence was higher among people aged 50-59 years (69.7%), who were white (66.5%), with complete higher education or more (68.8%) and higher family income (≥3 minimum wages-64.2%). The use of this drug was even higher among participants who considered their knowledge of the disease good or very good (65.0%), who reported having symptoms of COVID-19 (75.3%), and who had been previously diagnosed with the disease (91.2%). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of use of ivermectin as a method to prevent covid-19 by the population of Mato Grosso, indicating the need for strategies to inform the population about the risks of off-label use of drugs and to combat the advertising of drugs that are ineffective against COVID-19.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a utilização de ivermectina como prevenção da COVID-19 pela população de Mato Grosso em 2020. Métodos: Trata-se de um inquérito de base domiciliar, realizado entre setembro e outubro de 2020, em dez municípios-polos das regiões socioeconômicas do estado. O uso da ivermectina foi avaliado por meio da pergunta: "Tomou ivermectina para prevenir a COVID-19?". Foram avaliadas as variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, renda familiar), a situação de trabalho atual, o recebimento de benefícios financeiros governamentais, bem como sintomas, a soroprevalência de anticorpos contra SARS-CoV-2 e o diagnóstico prévio de COVID-19. As estimativas de prevalência e suas associações foram realizadas por meio do teste χ2. Resultados: Foram analisados 4.206 indivíduos, e a prevalência de uso de ivermectina foi de 58,3%, sendo maior nos municípios da região Oeste (66,6%). Não houve diferença significativa entre os sexos, a prevalência foi maior na da faixa etária de 50-59 anos (69,7%), em pessoas brancas (66,5%), com ensino superior completo ou mais (68,8%) e maior renda familiar (≥3 salários-mínimos — 64,2%). A utilização do medicamento ainda foi maior entre os que consideraram seu conhecimento sobre a doença como bom ou muito bom (65,0%), entre os que referiram ter apresentado sintomas de COVID-19 (75,3%) e que foram diagnosticados com a doença previamente (91,2%). Conclusão: Verifica-se a elevada a prevalência do uso de ivermectina para a prevenção da COVID-19 pela população de Mato Grosso, indicando a necessidade de estratégias para informar a população sobre os riscos do uso off-label de medicamentos e combater a publicidade de medicamentos sem eficácia contra COVID-19.

Temáticas de atividades de educação em saúde mais acessadas pelos brasileiros durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Themes of health education activities most accessed by Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introdução: Durante a pandemia, o acesso às informações digitais sobre cuidados com a saúde se ampliou. Objetivo: Evidenciar as temáticas de atividades de educação em saúde mais acessadas pelos brasileiros no período pandêmico. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, retrospectivo e misto, realizado em janeiro de 2021. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário remoto com os enfermeiros, e posteriormente aplicados no Google Trends (GT), referente ao período de abril a agosto de 2020. Os temas foram distribuídos em três dimensões, medidas de prevenção, sinais e sintomas, e cuidados pós testagem positiva. A análise ocorreu conforme a metodologia GT, baseado na distribuição geográfica. Resultados: Sobre as medidas de prevenção, houve maior tendência de acesso ao tema máscaras, com destaque para o estado do Amazonas. Quanto aos sinais e sintomas, o tema febre foi o mais acessado, especialmente na Bahia. E sobre os cuidados pós testagem positiva para COVID-19, prevaleceu quarentena, concentrando no estado de São Paulo. Conclusão: A identificação dos temas de educação em saúde mais acessados pelos brasileiros durante a pandemia fornece subsídios para pensar planos estratégicos. Além disso, os profissionais devem dialogar com as diversas tecnologias digitais disponíveis da sociedade contemporânea, para que tais temas repercutam positivamente na saúde da população.

Introducción: Durante la pandemia, se amplió el acceso a información digital sobre los cuidados de la salud. Objetivo: Destacar los temas de las actividades de educación en salud más accedidos por la población brasileña en el período de la pandemia. Metodo: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo y mixto, realizado en enero de 2021. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionario a distancia con profesionales en enfermería, y posteriormente, aplicados a Google Trends (GT), para el período de abril a agosto de 2020. Los temas fueron distribuidos en tres dimensiones: medidas de prevención, signos y síntomas, y atención posprueba positiva. El análisis se realizó según la metodología GT, basada en la distribución geográfica. Resultados: En cuanto a las medidas de prevención, hubo una mayor tendencia a acceder al tema de las mascarillas, especialmente en el estado de Amazonas. En cuanto a signos y síntomas, el tema de la fiebre fue el más visitado, especialmente en Bahía. Finalmente, con respecto a la atención después de la prueba positiva de COVID-19, predominó la cuarentena, concentrándose en el estado de São Paulo. Conclusión: La identificación de los temas de educación para la salud a los que más ha accedido la población brasileña brasileños durante la pandemia proporciona información para pensar en planes estratégicos. Además, las personas profesionales deben dialogar con las distintas tecnologías digitales disponibles en la sociedad contemporánea, para que estos temas tengan un impacto positivo en la salud de la población.

Introduction: During the pandemic, access to digital healthcare information expanded. Objective: To evidence the themes related to health education activities most accessed by Brazilians during the pandemic. Method: This was a descriptive, exploratory, retrospective, and mixed study carried out in January 2021. The data were collected through a remote questionnaire with nurses and later applied via Google Trends (GT) for the April to August 2020 time period. The themes were distributed in three dimensions: prevention measures, signs and symptoms, and post-positive testing care. The analysis took place according to the GT methodology based on geographic distribution. Results: Regarding prevention measures, there was a greater tendency to access the masks' theme, especially in the state of Amazonas. As for signs and symptoms, the topic of fever was the most accessed, especially in Bahia. Regarding care after COVID-19 positive testing, the theme of quarantine prevailed, concentrating on the state of São Paulo. Conclusion: The identification of the health education themes most accessed by Brazilians during the pandemic provides subsidies to think about strategic plans. In addition, professionals must dialogue with the various digital technologies available in contemporary society, so that such themes have a positive impact on the population's health.

Self-reported symptoms and seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in the population of Mato Grosso: a household-based survey in 2020.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the association between self-reported symptoms and seroprevalence against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the population of Mato Grosso. METHODS: A household-based survey was conducted on 4,206 adults from 10 municipalities of Mato Grosso, in the Brazilian Midwest, who were selected by cluster sampling in three stages. Questionnaires were applied between September and October 2020, and chemiluminescence was used for the quantitative determination of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the S1 and S2 proteins of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Approximately half (47.0%) of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (12.5%) reported having no symptoms. The most prevalent symptoms among individuals with antibodies were body pain (37.0%), fever (32.9%), and smell and taste change (28.7%). The search for a basic health unit was predominant (45.0%) as the first service, and only 5.3% reported being hospitalized. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of asymptomatic cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in the general population, even among older adults and individuals with comorbidities.

Self-reported symptoms and seroprevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in the population of Mato Grosso: a household-based survey in 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the association between self-reported symptoms and seroprevalence against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the population of Mato Grosso. METHODS: A household-based survey was conducted on 4,206 adults from 10 municipalities of Mato Grosso, in the Brazilian Midwest, who were selected by cluster sampling in three stages. Questionnaires were applied between September and October 2020, and chemiluminescence was used for the quantitative determination of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the S1 and S2 proteins of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Approximately half (47.0%) of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (12.5%) reported having no symptoms. The most prevalent symptoms among individuals with antibodies were body pain (37.0%), fever (32.9%), and smell and taste change (28.7%). The search for a basic health unit was predominant (45.0%) as the first service, and only 5.3% reported being hospitalized. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of asymptomatic cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in the general population, even among older adults and individuals with comorbidities.

Factors associated with death among cancer patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Mato Grosso, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prognostic factors for death from COVID-19 among cancer patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on data recorded in the reporting system for COVID-19 hospitalizations in Mato Grosso. We assessed cases of cancer patients reported between April 2020 and June 2021. We calculated absolute and relative frequencies of sociodemographic variables, hospital care variables, and comorbidities, as well as mean, median, and standard deviation of age and length of stay. Odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) - crude and adjusted - were estimated using the logistic regression model. RESULTS: We analyzed 948 cancer patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Mato Grosso, with a mean age of 59.7 years. The proportion of deaths was 34.5%, the mortality rate was 3.73 deaths/day (95%CI 3.35-4.16), and the median time between admission and death was 18 days. The likelihood of death was greater among patients aged 60 years or older, with chronic lung disease, who were admitted directly to intensive care units, and required mechanical ventilation at the time of admission. Patients hospitalized from April to December 2020 and January to March 2021 had a greater chance of death than those hospitalized between April and June 2021. CONCLUSION: The likelihood of death from COVID-19 was greater in cancer patients hospitalized before their vaccination period in the state, as well as among older individuals and those admitted in worse clinical conditions.

[Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil: a population-based survey]. / Prevalência de anticorpos contra SARS-CoV-2 em Mato Grosso, Brasil: pesquisa de base populacional.

Seroprevalence data provide relevant information on the development and progression of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and its distribution according to sociodemographic and economic characteristics. This population-based serological survey was conducted in September-October 2020 in individuals 18 years or older in ten municipalities (counties) in the state of Mato Grosso. Interviews and collection of biological samples were conducted in the households, and determination of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was performed with chemiluminescence. A total of 4,306 individuals were evaluated, and COVID-19 prevalence was estimated at 12.5% (95%CI: 10.5; 14.7), ranging from 7.4% to 24.3% between municipalities. No significant differences were found in prevalence of infection according to race/color, schooling, or family income, but lower prevalence was seen in individuals with a pensioner living in the same household, who did not receive emergency financial aid, and whose family income had not decreased after social distancing measures during the epidemic. Estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this population-based survey is essential to measure the magnitude of the disease and will back measures to confront and control the pandemic.

Dados de soroprevalência oferecem informações relevantes relacionadas ao desenvolvimento e progressão de pandemia da COVID-19. Estimar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 em Mato Grosso, Brasil e sua distribuição segundo características sociodemográficas e econômicas. Inquérito soroepidemiológico de base populacional conduzido entre setembro e outubro de 2020, com indivíduos de 18 anos ou mais de idade, em dez municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso. As entrevistas e coleta de material biológico foram realizadas em domicílio, e a determinação de anticorpos IgG contra o SARS-CoV-2 foi feita por meio da quimioluminescência. Foram 4.306 indivíduos avaliados, e a prevalência de COVID-19 foi estimada em 12,5% (IC95%: 10,5; 14,7), variando de 7,4% a 24,3% entre os municípios. Não foram verificadas diferenças na prevalência da infecção segundo raça/cor da pele, escolaridade ou renda familiar, entretanto verificou-se menor prevalência entre indivíduos que residiam com algum morador que recebia aposentadoria, que não receberam auxílio financeiro emergencial e que a renda familiar não diminuiu após as medidas de distanciamento social para enfrentamento da epidemia. A prevalência de anticorpos contra SARS-CoV-2 estimada nesta pesquisa de base populacional é essencial para conhecer a magnitude da doença no estado e subsidiará ações de combate e controle da pandemia.

Los datos de seroprevalencia proporcionan información relevante relacionada con el desarrollo y la progresión de la pandemia del COVID-19. El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 en Mato Grosso, Brasil, y su distribución según las características sociodemográficas y económicas. Encuesta seroepidemiológica de base poblacional, realizada entre septiembre y octubre de 2020 con individuos de los 18 años o más en diez municipios del estado de Mato Grosso. Las entrevistas y la recolección de material biológico se realizaron en el domicilio de los participantes, y para la determinación de anticuerpos IgG contra el SARS-CoV-2 se utilizó la quimioluminiscencia. Se evaluaron a 4.306 individuos, y la prevalencia del COVID-19 se estimó en un 12,5% (IC95%: 10,5; 14,7), que van del 7,4% al 24,3% entre los municipios. No se encontraron diferencias en la prevalencia de infección según la raza/color de la piel, la educación o los ingresos familiares; sin embargo, se encontró una menor prevalencia entre los individuos que vivían con un residente que recibía una pensión, que no recibía ayuda económica de emergencia y que los ingresos familiares no disminuyeron tras las medidas de distanciamiento social para hacer frente a la pandemia. La prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el SARS-CoV-2 estimada en esta investigación de base poblacional es imprescindible para conocer la magnitud de la enfermedad en el estado y subvencionar las acciones de enfrentamiento y control de la pandemia.

Risk factors associated with death among cancer patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Mato Grosso / Fatores associados ao óbito entre pacientes com câncer internados por COVID-19 em Mato Grosso

Objective: To analyze the prognostic factors for death by COVID-19 in cancer patients. Methods: Retrospective study based on data recorded in the case notification system for COVID-19 hospitalizations in Mato Grosso. Reported cases of COVID-19 admitted between April 2020 and June 2021 with cancer were evaluated. Absolute and relative frequencies of sociodemographic, hospital care and comorbidity variables were calculated, as well as mean, median and standard deviation of age and length of stay. The odds ratio and its respective 95% confidence interval, crude and adjusted, were estimated using a logistic regression model. Results: 948 cancer patients hospitalized by covid-19 in Mato Grosso were considered, with a mean age of 59.7 years. The proportion of deaths was 34.5% and the mortality rate was 3.73 person-day (95%CI: 3.35; 4.16), with a median time between admission and death of 18 days. The chance of death was greater among patients aged 60 years or older, with chronic lung disease, who were admitted to ICU beds and required mechanical ventilation at the time of admission. Patients hospitalized from April to December 2020 and January to March 2021 had a greater chance of death when compared to those hospitalized between April and June 2021. Conclusions: The chance of deaths due to COVID-19 was greater among hospitalized cancer patients before the period of vaccination of this group in the state and among those older and admitted in worse clinical conditions.

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores prognósticos para o óbito por COVID-19 em pacientes com câncer. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo a partir dos dados registrados no sistema de notificação de casos de internações por COVID-19 de Mato Grosso. Foram avaliados casos notificados de COVID-19 internados entre abril de 2020 a junho de 2021 com câncer. Foram calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis sociodemográficas, de assistência hospitalar e comorbidades, assim como média, mediana e desvio-padrão da idade e tempo de internação. Estimou-se o Odds Ratio e seu respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95%, bruto e ajustados, por meio modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Foram considerados 948 pacientes com câncer internados por COVID-19 em Mato Grosso, com média de idade de 59,7 anos. A proporção de óbitos foi de 34,5% e taxa de mortalidade foi de 3,73 pessoa-dia (IC95%: 3,35; 4,16), com mediana de tempo entre admissão e óbito de 18 dias. Foi maior a chance de óbito entre os pacientes com 60 anos ou mais de idade, com doença pulmonar crônica, que internaram em leitos de UTI e necessitaram de ventilação mecânica no momento da internação. Os pacientes internados no período de abril a dezembro de 2020 e janeiro a março de 2021 apresentaram maior chance de óbito quando comparados aos internados entre abril e junho de 2021. Conclusões: Foi maior a chance de óbitos por COVID-19 entre pacientes com câncer internados antes do período de vacinação deste grupo no estado e entre aqueles mais velhos e admitidos em piores condições clínicas.

Recent dengue virus infection: epidemiological survey on risk factors associated with infection in a medium-sized city in Mato Grosso

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dengue is considered to be the most important arbovirus worldwide, with important complications that increase its lethality. In Brazil, an endemic country, the disease reaches significant incidence levels, with occurrences of serious cases and high costs of hospitalizations for its treatment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze risk factors among individuals with recent histories of dengue infection in a medium-sized city in Mato Grosso. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive cross-sectional study, of epidemiological-survey type, conducted among the urban population of a city located in mid-northern Mato Grosso. METHODS: A seroepidemiological survey using questionnaires and collection of biological material was conducted among 596 adults aged ≥ 18 years who had been selected through a cluster sampling process. Positive dengue cases were those with positive results from anti-dengue immunoassays (ELISA). Statistical analyses with descriptive and inferential techniques were used, with 95% confidence intervals and a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The seroepidemiological profile of the study participants was predominantly female, with ages between 18 and 39 years, self-declared non-white race/color, not more than eight years of education and not living with a companion. Among the sanitary factors analyzed, the following were risk factors for dengue virus infection: no running water at home; no water supply from the public piped network; no waste from drains or toilets sent to the sewage network; endemic disease combat agents visiting the home; and presence of mosquito breeding sites at home. CONCLUSION: Low schooling levels and previous dengue virus infection were associated with current dengue virus infection.

Recent dengue virus infection: epidemiological survey on risk factors associated with infection in a medium-sized city in Mato Grosso.

BACKGROUND: Dengue is considered to be the most important arbovirus worldwide, with important complications that increase its lethality. In Brazil, an endemic country, the disease reaches significant incidence levels, with occurrences of serious cases and high costs of hospitalizations for its treatment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze risk factors among individuals with recent histories of dengue infection in a medium-sized city in Mato Grosso. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive cross-sectional study, of epidemiological-survey type, conducted among the urban population of a city located in mid-northern Mato Grosso. METHODS: A seroepidemiological survey using questionnaires and collection of biological material was conducted among 596 adults aged ≥ 18 years who had been selected through a cluster sampling process. Positive dengue cases were those with positive results from anti-dengue immunoassays (ELISA). Statistical analyses with descriptive and inferential techniques were used, with 95% confidence intervals and a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The seroepidemiological profile of the study participants was predominantly female, with ages between 18 and 39 years, self-declared non-white race/color, not more than eight years of education and not living with a companion. Among the sanitary factors analyzed, the following were risk factors for dengue virus infection: no running water at home; no water supply from the public piped network; no waste from drains or toilets sent to the sewage network; endemic disease combat agents visiting the home; and presence of mosquito breeding sites at home. CONCLUSION: Low schooling levels and previous dengue virus infection were associated with current dengue virus infection.

Prevalência de anticorpos contra SARS-CoV-2 em Mato Grosso, Brasil: pesquisa de base populacional / Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil: a population-based survey / Prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el SARS-CoV-2 en Mato Grosso, Brasil: encuesta de base poblacional

Dados de soroprevalência oferecem informações relevantes relacionadas ao desenvolvimento e progressão de pandemia da COVID-19. Estimar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 em Mato Grosso, Brasil e sua distribuição segundo características sociodemográficas e econômicas. Inquérito soroepidemiológico de base populacional conduzido entre setembro e outubro de 2020, com indivíduos de 18 anos ou mais de idade, em dez municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso. As entrevistas e coleta de material biológico foram realizadas em domicílio, e a determinação de anticorpos IgG contra o SARS-CoV-2 foi feita por meio da quimioluminescência. Foram 4.306 indivíduos avaliados, e a prevalência de COVID-19 foi estimada em 12,5% (IC95%: 10,5; 14,7), variando de 7,4% a 24,3% entre os municípios. Não foram verificadas diferenças na prevalência da infecção segundo raça/cor da pele, escolaridade ou renda familiar, entretanto verificou-se menor prevalência entre indivíduos que residiam com algum morador que recebia aposentadoria, que não receberam auxílio financeiro emergencial e que a renda familiar não diminuiu após as medidas de distanciamento social para enfrentamento da epidemia. A prevalência de anticorpos contra SARS-CoV-2 estimada nesta pesquisa de base populacional é essencial para conhecer a magnitude da doença no estado e subsidiará ações de combate e controle da pandemia.

Seroprevalence data provide relevant information on the development and progression of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and its distribution according to sociodemographic and economic characteristics. This population-based serological survey was conducted in September-October 2020 in individuals 18 years or older in ten municipalities (counties) in the state of Mato Grosso. Interviews and collection of biological samples were conducted in the households, and determination of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was performed with chemiluminescence. A total of 4,306 individuals were evaluated, and COVID-19 prevalence was estimated at 12.5% (95%CI: 10.5; 14.7), ranging from 7.4% to 24.3% between municipalities. No significant differences were found in prevalence of infection according to race/color, schooling, or family income, but lower prevalence was seen in individuals with a pensioner living in the same household, who did not receive emergency financial aid, and whose family income had not decreased after social distancing measures during the epidemic. Estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this population-based survey is essential to measure the magnitude of the disease and will back measures to confront and control the pandemic.

Los datos de seroprevalencia proporcionan información relevante relacionada con el desarrollo y la progresión de la pandemia del COVID-19. El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 en Mato Grosso, Brasil, y su distribución según las características sociodemográficas y económicas. Encuesta seroepidemiológica de base poblacional, realizada entre septiembre y octubre de 2020 con individuos de los 18 años o más en diez municipios del estado de Mato Grosso. Las entrevistas y la recolección de material biológico se realizaron en el domicilio de los participantes, y para la determinación de anticuerpos IgG contra el SARS-CoV-2 se utilizó la quimioluminiscencia. Se evaluaron a 4.306 individuos, y la prevalencia del COVID-19 se estimó en un 12,5% (IC95%: 10,5; 14,7), que van del 7,4% al 24,3% entre los municipios. No se encontraron diferencias en la prevalencia de infección según la raza/color de la piel, la educación o los ingresos familiares; sin embargo, se encontró una menor prevalencia entre los individuos que vivían con un residente que recibía una pensión, que no recibía ayuda económica de emergencia y que los ingresos familiares no disminuyeron tras las medidas de distanciamiento social para hacer frente a la pandemia. La prevalencia de anticuerpos contra el SARS-CoV-2 estimada en esta investigación de base poblacional es imprescindible para conocer la magnitud de la enfermedad en el estado y subvencionar las acciones de enfrentamiento y control de la pandemia.

Factors associated with death among cancer patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Mato Grosso, Brazil / Fatores associados ao óbito entre pacientes com câncer internados por COVID-19 em Mato Grosso, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the prognostic factors for death from COVID-19 among cancer patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on data recorded in the reporting system for COVID-19 hospitalizations in Mato Grosso. We assessed cases of cancer patients reported between April 2020 and June 2021. We calculated absolute and relative frequencies of sociodemographic variables, hospital care variables, and comorbidities, as well as mean, median, and standard deviation of age and length of stay. Odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) — crude and adjusted — were estimated using the logistic regression model. Results: We analyzed 948 cancer patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in Mato Grosso, with a mean age of 59.7 years. The proportion of deaths was 34.5%, the mortality rate was 3.73 deaths/day (95%CI 3.35-4.16), and the median time between admission and death was 18 days. The likelihood of death was greater among patients aged 60 years or older, with chronic lung disease, who were admitted directly to intensive care units, and required mechanical ventilation at the time of admission. Patients hospitalized from April to December 2020 and January to March 2021 had a greater chance of death than those hospitalized between April and June 2021. Conclusion: The likelihood of death from COVID-19 was greater in cancer patients hospitalized before their vaccination period in the state, as well as among older individuals and those admitted in worse clinical conditions.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar os fatores prognósticos para o óbito por COVID-19 em pacientes com câncer. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com base nos dados registrados no sistema de notificação de casos de internações por COVID-19 de Mato Grosso. Foram avaliados casos notificados entre abril de 2020 e junho de 2021 com câncer. Calcularam-se as frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis sociodemográficas, de assistência hospitalar e comorbidades, assim como média, mediana e desvio padrão da idade e do tempo de internação. Estimaram-se o odds ratio e seu respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95%, bruto e ajustados, por meio do modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Foram considerados 948 pacientes com câncer internados por COVID-19 em Mato Grosso, com média de idade de 59,7 anos. A proporção de óbitos foi de 34,5%, e a taxa de mortalidade, de 3,73 pessoas/dia (intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 3,35-4,16), com mediana de tempo entre admissão e óbito de 18 dias. Foi maior a chance de óbito entre os pacientes com 60 anos ou mais de idade, com doença pulmonar crônica, que internaram em leitos de unidade de terapia intensiva e necessitaram de ventilação mecânica no momento da internação. Os pacientes internados no período de abril a dezembro de 2020 e janeiro a março de 2021 apresentaram maior chance de óbito quando comparados aos internados entre abril e junho de 2021. Conclusão: Foi maior a chance de óbitos por COVID-19 entre pacientes com câncer internados antes do período de vacinação desse grupo no estado e entre aqueles mais velhos e admitidos em piores condições clínicas.

Knowledge and actions for the control of the vector Aedes aegypti in a municipality in the Legal Amazon.

Infections caused by arboviruses that have mostly impacted the Brazilian morbidity and mortality are caused by the same vector, Aedes aegypti. Preventive actions related to the vector are the most effective strategies in the prevention and control of these diseases. This study aimed to associate the knowledge on the vector that transmits dengue, Zika and chikungunya with the sociodemographic and behavioral preventive practices towards Aedes aegypti in the municipality of Tangara da Serra, Mato Grosso State, in the Brazilian Legal Amazon. A probabilistic urban population sampling was obtained by clusters: census sectors and households. The sample size calculation considered 10% of loss and a 1.5 design effect. This is a cross-sectional research carried out through a household survey in February and March 2018. There were 583 participants. The study variables were knowledge on the vector, sociodemographic characteristics and preventive practices related to the vector. The statistical analysis was based on a bivariate analysis and Poisson multiple regressions. Inadequate or insufficient knowledge on the vector Aedes aegypti remained associated with education in the categories illiterate (p<0.001) and 8 years of study or less (p<0.001), in addition to not adopting practices of capping and cleaning the water tank (p=0.002) and not using insecticides at home (p=0.007). It is concluded that there is a need for health communication actions that consider characteristics the population, especially the level of education and previous knowledge on the vector, allowing a dialogical approach and enabling the community participation in preventive practices and control of the vector Aedes aegypti .

Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças expostas à infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus / Neuropsychomotor development of children with congenital Zika virus infection

INTRODUÇÃO: A comprovação da associação de microcefalia no Brasil com a infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus, leva a necessidade de estudos sobre a repercussão no desenvolvimento das crianças decorrentes do comprometimento do sistema nervoso central (SNC). OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM) de crianças expostas à infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus e sua associação com características e diagnósticos pré natais, neonatais e pós natais da mãe/criança. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com crianças de zero a três anos, nascidas entre 2015 e 2018, classificadas com infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus. Na coleta das características clínicas e sócio demográficas, utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado e na avaliação do DNPM o Teste de Triagem de Denver II. Na associação, utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Avaliou-se 30 crianças, 46,67% apresentavam alterações do DNPM, os maiores foram na linguagem (46,67%) e motricidade fina (43,33%). 23,33% tinham mais que 24 meses, idade que se associou a alterações do DNPM (p<0,012). A infecção predominou entre 4 e 12 semanas de gestação e obteve associação com os atrasos do DNPM (p<0,002). 46,67% das crianças apresentaram microcefalia e 40% calcificações cerebrais, ambos com associação a atrasos no DNPM (p<0,001). Em exame físico 36,7% apresentaram alterações de postura e persistência de reflexos primitivos, 40% hiperirritabilidade, 33,33% disfagia e deformidades articulares, todas com associação importante com as alterações no DNPM (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Crianças expostas à infecção congênita pelo Zika vírus apresentaram atrasos no DNPM e quanto mais precoce a infecção na gravidez, maior o envolvimento do sistema nervoso central.

INTRODUCTION: The proof of the association of microcephaly in Brazil with congenital Zika virus infection leads to the need for studies on the impact on children's development resulting from the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the neuropsychomotor development (NPMD) of children exposed to congenital Zika virus infection and its association with prenatal, neonatal, and postnatal characteristics and diagnoses of the mother/child. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with children aged zero to three years, born between 2015 and 2018, classified with congenital Zika virus infection. In the collection of clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, a semistructured questionnaire was used, and the Denver II Screening Test was used to assess the DNPM. In the association, Fisher's exact test was used (p<0.05). RESULTS: Thirty children were evaluated; 46.67% had DNPM alterations, the greatest ones were in the language (46.67%) and fine motor skills (43.33%). 23.33% were older than 24 months, an age-associated with changes in DNPM (p<0.012). Infection predominated between 4 and 12 weeks of gestation and was associated with DNPM delays (p<0.002). 46.67% of children had microcephaly and 40% cerebral calcifications, both associated with DNPM delays (p<0.001). On physical examination, 36.7% had changes in posture and persistence of primitive reflexes, 40% hyperirritability, 33.33% dysphagia, and joint deformities, all with an important association with changes in DNPM (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Children exposed to congenital Zika infection had developmental delays. It is noteworthy that the earlier the infection in pregnancy, the greater the involvement of the central nervous system of children.

Serological evidence of Bartonellosis in an indigenous community in the Brazilian Legal Amazonia.

BACKGROUND: Due to immunological susceptibility, close contact with the environment and way of life, indigenous communities are in a highly vulnerable condition to be affected by zoonoses, such as bartonellosis. METHODS: Seventy three paired serum samples were collected from indigenous people from a region of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, in cohorts carried out in 2014 and 2015, with the performance of serological tests by indirect immunofluorescence to detect anti-Bartonella IgG antibodies. The interviews and laboratory results were double entered in the EpiInfo 7 software, and the data processing was performed in the MiniTab 17 software. RESULTS: 5.47% of the indigenous people were seroreagent. The female gender was predominant (65.75%), aged between 20 and 39 years old (39.73%) with complete elementary school (42.47%). As for housing, wooden residences predominated (50.68%). Rodents were seen by 46.58% of the interviewees, and 55.88% of them reported that the animal was close to or inside the house. It was identified that each indigenous family, in its majority, had four to six cats, for the function of hunters of rodents. CONCLUSION: The high concentration of domestic cats, the close contact of indigenous people with wild rodents and the lack of care and poor hygiene of both are aspects that imply the possibility of infection by Bartonella sp. Health surveillance through seroepidemiological studies is essential to find evidence of the circulation of bartonellosis in these populations.

Orthohantavirus Survey in Indigenous Lands in a Savannah-Like Biome, Brazil.

In Brazil, the first confirmed cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in Indigenous populations occurred in 2001. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of orthohantavirus infections in the Utiariti Indigenous land located in the southeastern region of the Brazilian Amazon. In December 2014 and 2015, a survey was conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in nine villages belonging to the Haliti-Paresí Indigenous communities. A total of 301 participants were enrolled in the study. Of the two study cohorts, the one from 2014 showed a prevalence of 12.4%, whereas the one from 2015 had a serum prevalence of 13.4%. Analysis of the paired samples of 110 Indigenous people who participated in both stages of the study enabled identification of four individuals who had seroconverted during the study period. Identifying the circulation of orthohantaviruses in the Utiariti Indigenous land highlights a serious public health problem in viral expansion and highlights the need to implement preventive measures appropriate to the sociocultural reality of these communities.